Antimicrobial Resistance and its Implications in Medicine - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1114 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Medicine Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction The capability of a virus to fight the outcomes of treatment beforehand used to medicate them is known as Antimicrobial resistance (ARM). Viruses that are strong can be difficult to treat hence requiring substitute advanced doses which may be exclusive and poisonous. Bacteria that are resilient to a variety of antimicrobials can be referred to as multidrug resistant (MDR). Nevertheless microbes that are resilient to antibiotics come before medical use by humans. However, the use of the evolutionary pressure has led to resilient of more viruses due to a widespread use of antibiotic. Moreover, there are various reasons for the extensive use of antibiotics in human medication and some of these are; growth world accessibility over time since 1950s, misuse of antibiotics when not prescribed due to their accessibility in the counters. Additionally, selective pressures have also led to antimicrobial resistance whereby, existence of bacteria are killed or survive that is if they contain resilient genes. The survival of these bacteria hence reproduce and their offspring occurs as the leading kind all over the infectious population. On the other hand, mutation is also another cause of antimicrobial resistance where by bacteria duplicate by dividing after few hours. Moreover, this creates space to progress quickly and adjust to new ecological surroundings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Antimicrobial Resistance and its Implications in Medicine" essay for you Create order Furthermore, modification ascend during resistance and some of the alterations can be of help in the survival of a single bacteria after its disclosure to antimicrobial. Transfer of genes also happens to another cause of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria can acquire genes from each other and some of the genes acquired may be drug resilient. Pressures from the public is also another leading cause of antimicrobial resistance whereby even when used appropriately, some of the viruses become selective and resist organisms. Misuse of antimicrobials is also another cause of their resistance. A variety of microorganisms are resilient to antimicrobials due to their increased and inappropriate usage. Some pharmacists prescribe antimicrobials wrongly for the sake of satisfying the patients. Insufficient diagnostics whereby most health care workers provide in appropriate prescriptions on the use of antimicrobials on an infection giving it a trial on whether it will work. Hospital usage being a cause of antimicrobials resistance we find that most patients vulnerable to infections and hence may require antimicrobials. However, extensive use of these antimicrobials on the patients may result to some bacteria being resistant to these antimicrobials by creating a productive atmosphere for the spread antimicrobial resilient bacteria. Lastly is the use of agricultural whereby it is believed that use of antibiotics on agriculture may result to drug resilient as most of these antibiotics are produced in U.S meant for agricultural purposes. Additionally, around the 1990s the difficulty of antimicrobial resistance was not serious matter towards the management of communicable diseases. However, microorganisms were becoming resilient to guarantee their existence against antimicrobial. Moreover, these microorganisms achieved this centered on the chemical structure according to the mechanism of the agent in that boosted the antimicrobial. Therefore the lanes withdrawn by the drug affect the resistance mechanism and some organisms can look for other means to ensure their survival. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance can be defined in two means. The first one is natural whereby the bacteria obviously are not affected by the drugs due to their inability to retain target sites due to the difference in the chemical and microbial structures. This mostly targets the bacteria entering the chambers in order to tamper with their accomplishment. The second one is the obtained resistance where obviously vulnerable germs gather ways of escaping infections. However, acquired resistance mechanisms can develop through methods such as; existence of an enzyme that disables the antimicrobial cause, occurrence of a substitute enzyme for the enzyme that is hindered by the antimicrobial cause, formerly unknown mechanisms and condensed acceptance of the antimicrobial agent. Moreover there are more mechanisms such as the resilient to lactam antibiotics. These are categorized by the ownership of a lactam ring and comprise of carbapenems, oxapenams, cephmycins, penicillins and cephalosporins. Penicillins are the mostly used antibiotics in emerging countries since they are cheap and available. The lactam ring is essential in the movement of antibiotics hence leading to the closure of a variety of transpeptidases that catalyze the ending connection responses of peptidoglycan. The capability to reach the Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and t heir capability to muddle to the PBPs affects the effectiveness of the antibiotics. In many cases, resilient lactam in most microbes is caused by the hydrolysis of the antibiotic by the modification of the PBPs. On the other hand, there is the tetracycline resistance. This type of antimicrobial is applicable in human as well as veterinary medication. These are available in emerging countries due to their low costs and reduced toxicity general range of action. Tetracyclines hinder protein production by stopping the connection of amino acyl-t RNA to the ribosomal acceptor location. Moreover the resistance of tetracyclines arise in three mechanisms namely, efflux of the antibiotics, alteration of the antibiotic and Ribosome defense. Efflux process takes place via the transfer of protein from the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). On the other hand, Ribosome defense follows via the r proteins protection that safeguards the ribosomes from the activity of tetracyclines. Finally, alteration of the antibiotic takes place over the alteration of the enzymes contained in the drug. Conversely, according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNIS), the average growth rate of resistance for antimicrobial in U.S.A between the years 1997-2002 was 8 percent lower than the 15 percent number of china. The NNIS further stated that the resistance of antimicrobial is higher amongst those patients in the ICU than the non-impatient in the ICU. However, when compared to China, U.S displays a more reasonable variance in resistance occurrence amongst unlike patients. Moreover, in U.s, the average occurrence of resilience in ICU, inpatient as well as casualties are 20, 17 and 13 percent correspondingly. Conclusion Antimicrobial resilient is an emerging and serious problem amongst many countries in the world. Therefore, future research on the determinants of drug opposing outlines and their international merging should be put in place. However, the movement of people across the world lead to transmission of diseases and some of these infections become resistant to antimicrobials. Farmers should also void using antibiotics on their farms. This is because, in U.S antibiotics are mostly used for the purposes of promotion and growth. Resistance virus have been identified to also have been obtained from the chicken meat in the groceries and finally people obtain them after feeding on the meat. Therefore antibiotics should not be used on the farm products. On the other hand, antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to curb the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

William Shakespeare s Life And The Elizabethan Age Essay

William Shakespeare was the great poet, actor, and playwright from the Elizabethan age. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 and would then die exactly fifty two years later. Throughout time, his plays have continued to grow in popularity and notoriety. Many of the saying first penned by William Shakespeare, we still use today. Such lines as; â€Å"As good luck would have it (The Merry Wives of Windsor), Dead as a doornail (2 Henry VI), Full circle (King Lear), and Milk of human kindness (Macbeth)† (Schwartz, 2015). This is just a brief example of how William Shakespeare’s greatness transcends all time. Even with this transending power, many feel that Shakespeare’s thoughts are untraceable, and hard to understand or decipher. It is my argument, through study of Shakespeare s life and the Elizabethan age, the transitions that Shakespeare’s character undergo, lead directly to the heart of the writer s own thoughts, feelings and experiences. Have you ever been so moved by something you are thinking about, something you have seen or simply a strong emotion, that you needed to express yourself in some way? If feel that while growing up William Shakespeare was both lead by his emotions and the events unfolding around him is such a great way that he had to write them down as a play or a sonnet. To feel so in love that you would write, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a Summer s day†, Sonnet 18. He uses the act of comparison between different things he loves. In his book, Will ofShow MoreRelated Authorship debate Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s works being just that is a notion most accept; however, there has been a lot of evidence and arguments by historians, who opt to challenge this notion, arguing that Shakespeare was the pen name of Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford had to conceal his authorship for social and political reasons. After careful examination of historian’s evidence th is theory doesn’t measure up and it was indeed Shakespeare, who was the genuine author. The world has come to accept that William ShakespeareRead MoreA Brief Biography of William Shakespeare617 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, the man of many artistic talents, is still quite a mysterious figure in today’s world, mainly because of the lack of records on this man; but also because of his writings. According to what little the Holy Trinity Church had documented on William Shakespeare, the legal and business transactions including some theatrical and Court documents as well as his life’s work, can be used to put the little bits of information given to us to see the basic overview of this man’s life, useRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Elizabethan Era1478 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is one of the most famous poets, dramatists, and actors of his time, let alone all of all of history. Though many details of many aspects of his life are uncertain, it is evident through the popularity of his works that he forever remain a distingui shed individual of the Elizabethan era. The stability of England under Queen Elizabeth I allowed artists to flourish as the populations attention turned from that of the political and religious scene to more interest based endeavorsRead MoreGender Roles Of Female Characters1479 Words   |  6 Pagesin regards to gender roles of female characters. The Elizabethan era, which lasted from 1558 to 1603, is often referred to as the golden age by historians where many transitions in English society regarding marriage and gender took place (Ivic 110). It was a time in which wives were viewed as the property of their husbands (Ivic 110). However, every woman was expected to marry and be dependent on her husband or male relatives throughout her life (Ivic 98). Conversely, the Victorian era, which lastedRead MorePortrayal Of Women During The Elizabethan Period1656 Words   |  7 Pagesin Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the Elizabethan period had a lack of respect for women, but Shakespeare c hanged it by having powerful, strong and independent female characters, like Lady Macbeth. Throughout history, women have not had the same amount of right and respect as the men. â€Å"Women were regarded as ‘the weaker sex’, not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too† (Sharnette). According to Shakespeare’s World/Stage, â€Å"During the time of William Shakespeare, the majority ofRead MoreIn the Elizabethan era family, problems existed as they do today. Instead of a television show to900 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Elizabethan era family, problems existed as they do today. Instead of a television show to broadcast the dysfunction that lies within their last name, family disputes were made into plays that let the country know the â€Å"hard life† of being a noble. The Elizabethan era was not an ideal time to live in terms of health, but theater arts thrived and turned London into the mecca for all things theater. The idea of a historical play has changed drastically from the 1600’s, such as King John, to theRea d MoreEnglish Feature article on Shakespears Macbeth with reference to both play and Polanskis adaptation. Title: Windows changed through time.1199 Words   |  5 Pageschanged through time. A way to see the world through different eyes... In late 1606 or early 1607, The last of Shakespeare s four great tragedies was written. Macbeth has been said by many to be Shakespeare s darkest work, A Reflection through Shakespeare s mind giving us a window into Elizabethan ways of politics, Human violence and Human nature. Quiet relevantly Shakespeare would never have guessed that over 400 years later the basic morals and characteristics that were used to shapeRead MoreTheater During The Elizabethan Era Essay2090 Words   |  9 PagesOwen Hatch Victoria Kendall English 4A 13 October 2016 Theater in the Elizabethan Era When people think about theater in the Elizabethan Era, people usually think of William Shakespeare first. The Elizabethan theater was so much more than just Shakespeare. Theater In this time was not only plays, but included things such as bear baiting, cock fighting and public executions (â€Å"Elizabethan Theatre†). The Elizabethan Era was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth which lasted from 1558 until 1603 (SingmanRead More The Supernatural in Shakespeares Works Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesfact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernatural elements within his works reveal the El izabethans’ obsessionRead MoreEssay on The Authorship of Shakespeare1647 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare was a playwright from Stratford who had arguably the most influential affect on English literature and the English language. His works are still praised to this day for their divine superiority, however, controversy in exceeding amounts has risen over the dispute of his authorship. This controversy has been the topic of many arguments between differently opinionated scholars who support opposing theories and beliefs (Friedman XV). A difficult dilemma confronts biographers who tell

Sustainable policy development considering general environmental overview Free Essays

Introduction Sustainability has been an of import job, sing general environmental overview. In modern corporate universe with increased outsourcing and due to competitory market, sustainability has been a large issue. This issue is because of jobs in retracing merchandise ‘s beginning of beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable policy development considering general environmental overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sustainability has a immense planetary impact but there a really few methodological analysiss, which incorporate planetary concern. Sustainability is a necessity and should be purely followed to avoid greater environmental issues. Sustainability has to be assessed on a regular basis by local regulating organic structures and demands to respond suitably. In these old ages legion models have been structured to analyze assorted exposure impacting people due to environmental alterations. Vulnerability analyses can be used by directors during a development of a undertaking or while bordering policies. A elaborate literature reappraisal is carried out to understand restraints and methodological analysiss to build a exposure model and its benefits are discussed. A sustainability issue arises when a object/system is under menace of drastic or gradual environmental influence. Best sustainable plan should place environmental hazards/impacts on a system and should besides bring forth necessary recommendations to avoid these impacts. It besides needs to admit certain necessary actions to change by reversal few impacts which is already caused to either system or physical milieus. Literature Review Sustainable policy development The impression sustainability can be termed as configuration of assorted issues affecting human development and environment. Achieving sustainability is still a job because current environmental research and implying constabularies are still partial towards natural scientific disciplines ( Egon Becker 2002 ) . Harmonizing to World Commission on Environment and Development, sustainability reference, following issues, ( Dovers 1994 ) Population Human resource Food security Speciess Ecosystems Energy Waste production Resource usage Urbanization Peace and security Sustainability can be defined as â€Å"meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ( Dovers 1994 ) † . Sustainability has now emerged as a planning construct, to develop and pull off a community ( Emmanuel Adinyira n.d. ) . Globally sustainability issue has become a outstanding issue while sing policy ( Tony Meppem 1998 ) . Harmonizing to ( Emmanuel Adinyira n.d. ) , sustainable appraisal means using huge rules of sustainability and analyzing ‘what ‘ actions may take to ‘which ‘ environmental issues and ‘how ‘ much magnitude can this issue affect. It is besides used in context for supervising patterned advance of an administration or community towards sustainably. In context of sustainable development, these methodological analysiss influences impact sustainable appraisals of proposed undertakings or policies before their execution assisting towards a sustainable hereafte r. ( MOSER 1998 ) Debates that recent sustainable policy recommendations for rural development has changed ‘landscape ‘ by sing exposure constructs influenced by drouth, exigencies, war etc. , . As other cultural developments, even sustainable policy bordering aims depending on involvement and position of assorted topics like, corporate enterpriser, ecologist, and environmental activities. Continuity of different positions and motivation ‘s will impede an emerging policy way due to miss of consensus ( Tony Meppem 1998 ) . These issues should be addressed by foregrounding few critical success factors resolved by environmental militant to act upon corporate giants to amend directivity towards sustainable policy ‘s development. Thus a exposure model developed should eliminate complexness and should concentrate on ( 1 ) Identifying exposure and its impact in order to prioritise their actions. ( 2 ) Design of policy determination measuring exposure impacts ( Luers 2005 ) . Sustainability needs to turn to assorted issues, which influences environment either for a short or long span. These issues can bring forth little or irreversible long impact on our environment. A strong administration organic structure should be established to organize with local governments to run and connote environmental constabularies to direct them towards sustainability. Before we analyse their exposure, it is necessary to understand assorted issues that concerns our modern changing universe. Harmonizing to ( Dovers 1994 ) these issues are, Vulnerability: Sustainability Concept Vulnerability is the extent to which a system is adapts or non to adverse environmental effects like clime alteration etc, . ( M.J. Metzger 2006 ) . Properties of universe is altering and their inauspicious effects are expected to increase over the following decennary ( M.J. Metzger 2006 ) , therefore a clear apprehension of these issues and effects demands to be understood carefully and incorporated while developing future undertakings. A exposure analysis helps to prioritise these effects and besides helps in bordering subsequent possible steps. Thus exposure is defined which include both traditional impact appraisals and its version to cover with possible impacts on environment ( Luers 2005 ) . It is highly hard to analyze comparative magnitude of sustainability issues due to its unsure complexness, this issue is cemented by graduating information and inevitable recommendations turn toing a wide and divergent group ( Corporate, ecologist, environmental militant etc. , ) ( Dovers 1994 ) . The construct of exposure is misunderstood with poorness in different states. But in existent ‘poverty ‘ is more inactive issue that can be addressed by specific attack improbable Vulnerability is more a dynamic issue and needs changeless monitoring and needs to be addressed by situational and strategic attack ( MOSER 1998 ) . Few critical causes for regional exposure are improper direction, practises and geographical concerns. Governments, regulating sustainability have issues in bordering policy ‘s as discussed earlier ; table 2 illustrates few issues sing the same. The issues, harmonizing to writer ( Dovers 1994 ) are classified under two major categorizations ( 1 ) Pro blem bordering properties and ( 2 ) Response Framing attributes. Vulnerability of a conjugate human-environment systems and subsequent policy and model developments needs to reply inquiries like ‘who ‘ is affected, ‘what ‘ are the features of these exposure and ‘where ‘ does necessary alterations required. How to cite Sustainable policy development considering general environmental overview, Essay examples

jose rizal Essay Example For Students

jose rizal Essay , the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called a model of fathers, came from Bi?an, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called loving and prudent mother, was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother; at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, Sa Aking Mga Kabata, the theme of which revolves on the love of one?s language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of excellent from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo. He finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyor?s examination on May 21, 1878; but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid. On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of excellent. Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects. A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He was an expert swordsman and a good shot. In the hope of securing political and social reforms for his country and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the greatest apostle of Filipino nationalism, published, while in Europe, several works with highly nationalistic and revolutionary tendencies. In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morga?s SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil; on September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent. Because of his fearless exposures of the injustices committed by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of those in power. This led hi mself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the country. As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed; the authorities were not only finding faults but even fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong. While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .postImageUrl , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:hover , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:visited , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:active { border:0!important; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:active , .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7 .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76938acfa16e884784f3845059c12bd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genocide EssayThe sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and painting, as well as the art of self defense; he did some researches and collected specimens; he entered into correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences abroad; and with the help of his pupils, he constructed water dam and a relief map of Mindanao both considered remarkable engineering feats. His sincerity and friendliness won for him the trust and confidence of even those assigned to guard him; his good manners and warm personality were found irresistible by women of all races with whom he had personal contacts; his intelligence and humility gained for him the respect and admiration of prominent men of other nations; while his undaunted courage and determination to uplift the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies. When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as Ultimo Adios which is considered a masterpiece and a living document expressing not only the hero?s great love of country but also that of all Filipinos. After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association. In the cold morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been packed with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.